The most successful leader of the Risorgimento movement was Camillo di Cavour. He was from a prominent Piedmontese family and a successful entrepreneur In 1847, […]

By the year 1848 the Risorgimento movement had stabilised. It meant that all Italian classes believed in the resurrection or revival of Italy’s glory. The […]

He was born in 1805, Genoa. His father was a University Professor but had radical political views and he was influenced by the Jacobins (an […]

There were many revolts in Italy against the existing conditions and thousands of persons were sent to prisons or in exile. They stimulated the deep […]

The July Revolution of 1830 in France also affected the Italian politics. The Papal States were very badly affected. From the Papal States, the movement […]

There was a revolution against the Spanish Bourbons in Spain itself which triggered the revolutions that occur in Italy. There was a revolution in the […]

Napoleon was defeated at Waterloo in June 1815 and was exiled to Saint Helena. Louis XVII is restored as King of France for the second […]

BASIC BACKGROUND Italy was first united by Rome in the third century B.C. It remained for over 700 years the de facto extension of the […]

Increased nationalism in Germany made it more powerful. Germany was the strongest military power on the continent. Germany’s position geographically was between large military powers. […]

After 1848, nationalism in Europe moved away from its association with democracy and revolution. Nationalist sentiments were often mobilized by conservatives for promoting state power […]