- It extended from modern Tiruchi district to southern Andhra Pradesh
- Capital was first located in Uraiyur and then shifted to Puhar
- Famous king- Karikala
- Pattinappalai portrays his early life and military conquests
- Many Sangam poems mention the Battle of Venni in which he defeated the mighty confederacy consisting of Cheras, Pandyas and eleven minor chieftains
- Vahaipparandalai was another important battle fought by him
- Trade and commerce flourished during his reign period
- He added prosperity to the people by the reclamation of forest lands and bringing them under cultivation
- He also built Kallanai across the river Kaveri and also constructed many irrigation tanks