Settler Colonialism

• It involves large scale immigration, often motivated by religious, political, or economic reasons. Such as Australia, were settled by people from another country and displaced the Indigenous people.
• In settler colonialism, the colonists are determined to settle in the colonized country or territory despite the indigenous peoples’ resistance, with the aim of exploiting the economic products of the colonized country for use in their home country.
• For examples: the  Dutch mass migration to and settlement in South Africa and the British peoples’ migration to America.

 Exploitation Colonialism

• This category includes trading as well as larger colonies where colonists would constitute much of the political and economic administration, but would rely on indigenous resources for labor and material.
• It mainly involves fewer colonists and focuses on access to resources for export, typically to the metropole.
• To carry out the trade, labor is required and thus the colonists forced the indigenous people to work. They were given meager salary or no salary at times and were exploited.

Plantation Colonialism

• It would be considered exploitation colonialism but colonizing powers would utilize either type for different territories depending on various social and economic factors as well as climate and geographic conditions.
• Their labor demands cannot be satisfied by the native population, so they import African slaves or indentured laborers, as with the “coolie” and “black birding” trades.
• African slaves were imported by the white colonists to do the work on the banana, sugar cane, coffee or pineapple plantations. For example: British colonizing Jamaica.

Surrogate Colonialism

• It describes a colonial system in which the colonial authorities sponsor and/or provide support for another nonnative people to occupy the indigenous peoples’ land.
• It was a settlement project supported by colonial power, in which most of the settlers do not come from the mainstream of the ruling power.

Internal Colonialism

• In this type of Colonialism there was uneven structural power between areas of a nation state. The source of exploitation comes from within the state.
• It occurs when there is uneven development within a nation-state and the inherent exploitation resulting from the structural political and economic inequalities between the different areas of the nation-state.

Trading Posts

• The primary purpose of these colonies was to engage in trade rather than colonizing further parts of the territory. For example: Singapore.
• Trade coercion also exists outside of imperial networks, as when the British Opium War concluded in 1842 with China’s concession to open additional ports, besides Canton, to foreign trade.