Author Archive for: iTopper

Napoleon was defeated at Waterloo in June 1815 and was exiled to Saint Helena. Louis XVII is restored as...

BASIC BACKGROUND Italy was first united by Rome in the third century B.C. It remained for over 700 years...

Increased nationalism in Germany made it more powerful. Germany was the strongest military power on the continent. Germany’s position...

After 1848, nationalism in Europe moved away from its association with democracy and revolution. Nationalist sentiments were often mobilized...

Bismarck wanted to unite all German speaking states into one nation state. By 1870, all the German states which...

In 1866 the conflict between Prussia and Austria erupted over the control of Schleswig and Holstein, the German speaking...

Schleswig and Holstein were primarily populated by Germans and had been under the rule of the Danish King for...

Bismarck’s ultimate goal was to unite the German states into a strong German Empire with Prussia as its core....

In 1862, Otto von Bismarck was appointed Prime minister of Prussia. Bismarck was a ruthless politician and a believer...

Events of February 1848 in France had brought about the abdication of the monarch and a republic based on...