- The primary cause of the religious factor- was the religious unrest in India in the 6th century BCE
- The complex rituals and sacrifices advocated in the Later vedic period were not acceptable to the common people
- The sacrificial ceremonies were also found to be too expensive
- The superstitious beliefs and mantras confused the people
- The teachings of Upanishads, an alternative to the system of sacrifices, were highly philosophical in nature therefore not easily understood by all
What was needed in the larger interests of the people?
- A simple, short and intelligible way to salvation for all people. Such religious teachings should also be in a language known to all
- This need was fulfilled by the teachings of Buddha and Mahavira