Growth of Some Social Problems:

• The rapid growth of industrial cities created problems that were difficult to solve quickly like accommodation, sanitation and health were not provided adequately.
• Sickness and crime were arising.
• Women and Children were employed for cheap labor. They worked for 12 to 14 hours per day.
• Poor people lived in very small houses in overcrowded streets. These homes would share toilet facilities, have open sewers and would be at risk of damp.

Overcrowding of Cities and Industrial Towns:

• The promise of better wages attracted migrants to cities and industrial towns that were ill-prepared to handle them.
• Cramped shanty towns made up of shacks and other forms of poor-quality housing appeared first.
• Local sewerage and sanitation systems were overwhelmed by the sudden influx of people, and drinking water was often contaminated.
• Although initial housing shortages in many areas eventually gave way to construction booms and the development of modern buildings.

Growth of Capitalism: 

• The instruments and the means by which goods are produced are owned by private individuals and the production is carried out for making profit.
• The workers under this system do not own anything but work for a wage.
• In this system, money concentrated in the hands of a few people.

Pollution and Other Environmental Ills

• To fuel the factories and to sustain the output of each and every type of manufactured good, natural resources (water, trees, soil, rocks and minerals, wild and domesticated animals, etc.) were transformed, which reduced the planet’s stock of valuable natural capital.
• The global challenges of widespread water and air pollution, reductions in biodiversity, destruction of wildlife habitat, and even global warming can be traced back to this moment in human history.

Division of Society in Different Class:

• The Industrial Revolution divided Society into two groups:
  • The rich middle class (bourgeoisie), composed of manufacturers, merchants, mines owners, bankers and professional men and
  • On the other hand the wage-earning class (proletariat), composed of mill workers and factory workers, farmers etc.
• This gap between employer and employee gave rise to many economic and social problems.

Rise of Global Inequality:

• Industrialization widened the wealth gap between industrialized and non-industrialized countries, even while it strengthened their economic ties.
• To keep factories running and workers fed, industrialized countries required a steady supply of raw materials from less-developed lands.
• In turn, industrialized countries viewed poor countries as markets for their manufactured products.

Poor Working Condition:

• Factories were often dirty, expelling smoke and soot, and unsafe, both of which contributed to accidents that resulted in worker injuries and deaths.
• Wages for those who labored in factories were low and working conditions could be dangerous and monotonous.
• Children were part of the labor force and often worked long hours and were used for such highly hazardous tasks as cleaning the machinery.

Growth of Colonialism and Imperialism:

• The discovery of new lands and the establishment of colonies had resulted in unprecedented expansion of trade and accumulation of wealth by merchants.
• Colonization was accompanied by the plunder of the wealth of the people who were colonized.
• These colonies were useful to obtain raw materials and sell the finished product.
• Imperialism is the policy of extending one country’s rule over many other lands, givingṣ even more power and wealth to these already wealthy nations.

Imperialism was born out of the cycle of industrialization, the need for resources to supply the factories and capturing of larger territories paving way for imperialism.