Urbanisation:

• The factory system introduced by the Industrial Revolution created cities and urban centers like Manchester, Birmingham, Leeds, and Sheffield arose. The population of Manchester increased six fold within a half century.
• The rapid industrialisation had led to rapid urbanisation, prompting many to leave the countryside to find work in the cities.
• This brought significant challenges as the cities now suffered from overcrowding, pollution, appalling levels of sanitation compounded by frequent shortages of clean drinking water.

Machinery Advancement:

• The introduction of power machinery rapidly increased production of goods.
• For example, around 1764, James Hargreaves invented the Spinning Jenny, a machine that enabled an individual to produce multiple spools of threads simultaneously.
• The Steam Engine was also integral to industrialization. By the1770s, the steam engine went on to power machinery, locomotives and ships during the Industrial Revolution.

Enhanced Wealth and Quality of Life of the Average Person:

• The Industrial Revolution brought about a greater volume and variety of factory produced goods and raised the Standards of living for many people, particularly middle and upper classes.
• Mass production lowered the costs of much-needed tools, clothes, and other household items for the common people, which allowed them to save money for other things and build personal wealth.
• Industrialization reduced the emphasis on land ownership as the chief source of personal wealth.

Intellectual Movement:

• The intellectual encouragement had also been great and helped for their rapid development.
• Many intellectuals like Marx, St. Simon emerged as a result of the Industrial Revolution.
• The Communist in their manifesto, Marx and Engels argued that human societies have always been divided into warring classes.
• These were the middle class “haves” or employers, called the bourgeoisie, and the “have-nots” or workers, called the proletariat.

Rapid Evolution of Labor-Saving Inventions:

• The rapid production of hand tools and other useful items led to the development of new types of tools and vehicles to carry goods and people from one place to another.
• The growth of road and rail transportation and the invention of the telegraph meant that word of advances in manufacturing, agricultural harvesting, energy production, and medical techniques could be communicated between interested parties quickly.
• Labor-saving machines such as the spinning jenny and other inventions, especially those driven by electricity (such as home appliances and refrigeration) and fossil fuels were well known products of the Industrial Revolution.

Goods Became More Affordable and More Accessible:

• Factories and the machines that they housed began to produce items faster and cheaper than could be made by hand.
• As the supply of various items rose, their cost to the consumer declined.
• Shoes, clothing, household goods, tools, and other items that enhance people’s quality of life became more common and less expensive.

Large Employment Generation:

• The starting of new industries provided employment to many men and women.
• In addition, as new manufacturing machines were invented and new factories were built, new employment opportunities arose.
• The rising demand for manufactured goods meant that average people could make their fortunes in cities as factory employees and as employees of businesses that supported the factories, which paid better wages than farm-related positions.