, , UPSC STUDY MATERIAL, 0
  • Increased nationalism in Germany made it more powerful.
  • Germany was the strongest military power on the continent. Germany’s position geographically was between large military powers.
  • Otto von Bismarck had to be as sure as possible that no one would attack Germany, at least no coalition.
  • First, in 1879, Bismarck made a secret alliance with Austria-Hungary. In 1881, Bismarck signed a tri-treaty with Russia, Austria, and Germany: the Alliance of Three Emperors.
  • In 1882, Italy joined this alliance, making a triple alliance along with Austria and Russia.
  • Germanisation plan which eliminated all non-German languages, cultures and ethnic groups and promoted German cultures in the German Empire.
  • Prussian Settlement Commission (1886-1918) was one such policy of Prussia that aimed at promoting Germanisation and eliminating all non-German elements from German Empire.
  • Under Bismarck, Germany maintained a stable and reliable foreign policy, because Bismarck maintained an anti-imperialistic stand and maintained diplomacy. Germany managed to stay on good terms with just about everyone but France.
  • Industrialization progressed dynamically in Germany. German manufacturers began to capture domestic markets from British import.
  • The German textiles and metal industries surpassed those of Britain in organization and technical efficiency and usurped British manufacturers in the domestic market.
  • Germany became the dominant economic power on the continent and was the second largest exporting nation after the US.
  • By the turn of the century, the German metals and engineering industries would be producing heavily for the free trade market of Britain.
  • By the time of World War I (1914-1918), The German economy switched to supplying its military with the proper equipment needed to fight the war.
  • This included the production of rifles (Gewehr 98), pistols (P08 Luger), and heavy weaponry (Maxim machine gun, Minenwerfer mortar, and several other heavy and light artillery pieces).
  • Additionally, Imperial Germany was leading in the sectors of Physics and Chemistry so that one third of all Nobel Prizes went to German inventors and researchers.
  • The unification of Germany also changed the balance of power in Europe in terms of substance and nature. It was also a factor behind the outbreak of World War I.
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