, , UPSC STUDY MATERIAL, 0
  • The Seven Years Wars (1756-63) were the series of wars going on between Great Britain and its allies against France and its allies.
  • In the early 1750s, French expansion into the Ohio River Valley repeatedly brought France into armed conflict with the British colonies.
  • In 1756, British suffered a series of defeats against the French and their broad network of Native American Alliances.
  • In 1757, British Prime Minister William Pitt, in the urge of imperial expansion, borrowed heavily to fund an expanded war effort. Pitt financed Prussia’s struggle against France and her allies in Europe and reimbursed the colonies for the raising of armies in North America.
  • By 1760, the French had been expelled from Canada, and by 1763 all of France’s allies in Europe had either made a separate peace with Prussia or had been defeated.
  • In addition, Spanish attempts to aid France in America had failed, and France also suffered defeats against British forces in India.
  • The war concluded with the Battle of Wandiwash (1760) with the decisive British victory. This ushered in an era of British supremacy across the globe.
  • Both parties signed the Treaty of Paris (1763), bringing an end to the war.
  • In North America, Britain consolidated all colonies lining the Atlantic coast and drove the French out of Canada. She was also successful in taking many Dutch territories, most important being New Netherlands, renaming it to New York.
  • The end of the Seven Years War in 1763 and the transfer of Canada from France to England removed the French fear from the minds of the Americans.
  • There was no need to depend on their mother country against any possible attack by the French. Therefore, the American colonies decided to face the colonial attitude of the British.
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